Lesson 17 小动物眼中的慢世界
The slow world in small animals' eyes
Xiǎo dòngwù yǎnzhōng de màn shìjiè
小动物眼中的慢世界
The slow world in small animals' eyes
Nǐ jiànguò zhèyàng de chǎngmiàn ma?
你见过这样的场面吗？
Have you seen such a scene?
Yǒurén duān lái yīgè shèngzhe cài de pánzi,
有人端来一个盛着菜的盘子，
Someone brought a plate with vegetables,
lìkè fēi lái yī zhǐ dōngzhāngxīwàng de cāngyíng, qìtú luò zài pánzi shàng,
立刻飞来一只东张西望的苍蝇，企图落在盘子上，
and immediately flew a fly looking around, trying to land on the plate.
rén dòngshǒu qù dǎ, què zǒng shì dǎ bù zhòng.
人动手去打，却总是打不中。
People tried to hit it, but they couldn't hit it.
Yǒurén nàmènr, māo wèishéme néng kuàisù tiàoyuè qǐlái,
有人纳闷儿，猫为什么能快速跳跃起来，
Some people wonder, why can cats jump up quickly,
miáozhǔn dōu bùyòng, yīxià jiù néng pāi dào cāngyíng?
瞄准都不用，一下就能拍到苍蝇？
without aiming, they can catch flies in one shot?
Kēxuéjiā zhèyàng jiěshì:
科学家这样解释：
Scientists explain this:
Zài cāngyíng yǎn lǐ,
在苍蝇眼里，
In the eyes of the fly,
rénlèi zì rènwéi shǎndiàn bān kuàisù de yī pāi, zhǐshì gè màn dòngzuò éryǐ.
人类自认为闪电般快速的一拍，只是个慢动作而已。
humans think that a lightning-fast beat is just a slow motion.
Yǒu yánjiū biǎomíng,
有研究表明，
Studies have shown that
kūnchóng zhèyàng de xiǎo dòngwù, yī miǎo zhōng zhī nèi jiēshōu de xìnxī liàng, bǐ rénlèi děng tǐxíng dà de shēngwù duō dé duō.
昆虫这样的小动物，一秒钟之内接收的信息量，比人类等体型大的生物多得多。
small animals like insects can receive much more information in one second than large creatures such as humans.
Rúguǒ nǐ guānchá yīxià gēzi jiù huì fāxiàn, dāng tā de shìxiàn sǎoguò zhōubiān shí,
如果你观察一下鸽子就会发现，当它的视线扫过周边时，
If you look at the pigeon, you will find that when its gaze scans the surroundings,
tā zài wéiwéi chàndǒu,
它在微微颤抖，
it is trembling slightly,
kàn shàngqù hǎoxiàng tǐnèi yǒu lìngwài yīgè zhōngbiǎo,
看上去好像体内有另外一个钟表，
and it looks like there is another clock in its body,
zǒu dé bǐ wǒmen kuài hǎojǐ bèi.
走得比我们快好几倍。
which is walking several times faster than ours.
Quèqiè de shuō,
确切地说，
To be precise,
zài xiǎo dòngwù kàn lái,
在小动物看来，
in the eyes of small animals,
rénlèi fǎnyìng chídùn, dòngzuò chíhuǎn,
人类反应迟钝、动作迟缓，
humans are slow to react and move slowly.
tāmen kàn rénlèi, jiù xiàng rénlèi kàn pángdà, bènzhuō de dà xiàng.
它们看人类，就像人类看庞大、笨拙的大象。
They look at humans just like humans look at huge, clumsy elephants.
Wèile liànghuà zhè zhǒng kàn bùjiàn, mō bùzháo de shìjué gǎnzhī,
为了量化这种看不见、摸不着的视觉感知，
In order to quantify this invisible and intangible visual perception,
kēyán rényuán cǎiyòngle línjiè shǎnguāng pínlǜ de bànfǎ.
科研人员采用了临界闪光频率的办法。
researchers have adopted the method of critical flash frequency.
“Línjiè shǎnguāng pínlǜ” jiǎnchēng"CFF(Critical Flicker Frequency)”,
“临界闪光频率”简称＂CFF(Critical Flicker Frequency)”，
"Critical Flicker Frequency" is abbreviated as "CFF (Critical Flicker Frequency)".
bǐfāng shuō,
比方说，
For example,
dāng yīgè jiàngé pínlǜ jiào dī de guāng cìjī wǒmen de yǎnjīng shí,
当一个间隔频率较低的光刺激我们的眼睛时，
when a light with a lower interval frequency stimulates our eyes,
wǒmen kàn dào de shì yī míng yī àn de shǎnshuò,
我们看到的是一明一暗的闪烁，
what we see is a bright and dark flicker.
suízhe guāng cìjī jiàngé de suōduǎn,
随着光刺激间隔的缩短，
As the light stimulation interval shortens,
wǒmen de shìlì gǎndào de jiù huì shì yīgè liánxù de guāng.
我们的视力感到的就会是一个连续的光。
our vision will feel a continuous light.
CFF zhí fǎnyìng de jiùshì yǎnjīng chǔlǐ guāngxiàn de sùdù.
CFF值反映的就是眼睛处理光线的速度。
The CFF value reflects the speed at which the eyes process light.
Chǔlǐ sùdù yuè kuài, CFF zhí jiù yuè gāo.
处理速度越快，CFF值就越高。
The faster the processing speed, the higher the CFF value.
Rén yǎn de CFF wèi 60HZ zuǒyòu, gǒu,
人眼的CFF为60HZ左右，狗，
The CFF of the human eye is about 60HZ. Dog,
ó, wǒmen gūqiě huàn yīgè wényǎ de chēnghu ba,
哦，我们姑且换一个文雅的称呼吧，
oh, let’s change to a more elegant name.
quǎn de CFF wèi 80HZ.
犬的CFF为80HZ.
The CFF of a dog is 80HZ.
Zài quǎn de yǎn lǐ,
在犬的眼里，
In the eyes of a dog,
diànshì huàmiàn bùshì liánxù de,
电视画面不是连续的，
TV pictures are not continuous,
ér shì yī xìliè jìngzhǐ túxiàng de xùnsù biànhuàn.
而是一系列静止图像的迅速变换。
but a series of rapid changes of still images.
Cāngyíng de CFF gāodá 250HZ,
苍蝇的CFF高达250HZ,
The CFF of flies is as high as 250HZ,
duì shìjué cìjī de fǎnyìng sùdù shì rén yǎn de 4 bèi.
对视觉刺激的反应速度是人眼的4倍。
and the response speed to visual stimuli is 4 times that of the human eye.
Yǒu kēxuéjiā tuīlùn,
有科学家推论，
Some scientists infer that
wùzhǒng de CFF yǔqí běnshēn de tǐzhòng hé xīnchéndàixiè sùlǜ yǒuguān.
物种的CFF与其本身的体重和新陈代谢速率有关。
the CFF of a species is related to its own body weight and metabolic rate.
Tǐxíng yuè xiǎo,
体型越小，
The smaller the body size,
xìnhào chuándá dào dànǎo suǒ xū shíjiān yuè duǎn;
信号传达到大脑所需时间越短；
the shorter the time required for the signal to be transmitted to the brain;
xīnchéndàixiè sùlǜ yuè gāo,
新陈代谢速率越高，
the higher the metabolic rate,
shuōmíng chuándì guòchéng yǒu gèng chōngzú de néngliàng zhīchí.
说明传递过程有更充足的能量支持。
the more adequate energy support for the transmission process.
Zài lùnzhèng zhè yī tuīlùn shí,
在论证这一推论时，
In demonstrating this inference,
kēxuéjiā shāixuǎn chū 34 zhǒng dòngwù,
科学家筛选出34种动物，
the scientists screened out 34 animals
bǎ tāmen de diǎnxíng tǐzhòng, dàixiè sùlǜ hé CFF biāojì zài tóngyī zhāng túbiǎo zhōng,
把它们的典型体重、代谢速率和CFF标记在同一张图表中，
and labeled their typical body weight, metabolic rate, and CFF in the same chart.
biànliàng xiǎnshì chūle xiǎnzhù de xiāngguān xìng.
变量显示出了显著的相关性。
The variables showed a significant correlation.
Zài kēxuéjiā de yánjiū zhōng, CFF zhí míngcì zuì kào qián de shì sōngshǔ.
在科学家的研究中，CFF值名次最靠前的是松鼠。
In the research of scientists, squirrels ranked the highest in CFF value.
Wǒmen yěxǔ céngjīng fāchūguò zhèyàng de gǎnkǎi:
我们也许曾经发出过这样的感慨：
We may have expressed this feeling:
Kàn shì miǎoxiǎo de cāngyíng jìrán néng duǒguò rénlèi de gōngjí,
看似渺小的苍蝇既然能躲过人类的攻击，
Since the seemingly small flies can escape the attack of humans,
shìbì yǒu qíguò rén zhī chù.
势必有其过人之处。
they are bound to excel.
Quèshí, tāmen méiyǒu bódàjīngshēn de sīxiǎng,
确实，它们没有博大精深的思想，
Indeed, they do not have broad and profound ideas,
bùnéng jìnxíng shēn'ào de sīkǎo,
不能进行深奥的思考，
cannot conduct profound thinking,
duì qiángdà de duìshǒu wúnéngwéilì,
对强大的对手无能为力，
and are powerless against powerful opponents,
dàn duì wàibù huánjìng néng xùnsù zuò chū pànduàn,
但对外部环境能迅速做出判断，
but they can quickly make judgments about the external environment
shǐ tāmen yǒule gèng duō de shēngcún jīhuì,
使它们有了更多的生存机会，
and give them more chances of survival.
zhè yī yōushì zhēn de shíhuì jíle.
这一优势真的实惠极了。
This advantage is really great.
Xìnxī chǔlǐ sùdù shàng de chābié, yěshì xiǎo dòngwù kàn shàngqù gèng mǐnjié de yuányīn.
信息处理速度上的差别，也是小动物看上去更敏捷的原因。
The difference in information processing speed is also the reason why small animals look more agile.
Xiǎo māo xiǎo gǒu shènzhì xiǎo hái'ér, zǒng xiǎndé bǐ chéngnián gètǐ gèng wèi hǎo dòng hé jiāojí,
小猫小狗甚至小孩儿，总显得比成年个体更为好动和焦急，
Cats, puppies, and even children, always appear more active and anxious than adult individuals.
qíshí duìyú tāmen, zhè zhǐshì gè yōuxián de sùdù.
其实对于他们，这只是个悠闲的速度。
In fact, for them, this is just a leisurely speed.
Gǎibiān zì “nándū zhōukān” wénzhāng “xiǎo shēnglíng, màn shìjiè”, zuòzhě: Shí yuè
改编自《南都周刊》文章《小生灵，慢世界》，作者：石悦
Adapted from the article "Little Life, Slow World" in "Southern Metropolis Weekly", author: Shi Yue
Full Translation
The Slow World in the Eyes of Small Animals
Have you seen such a scene? Someone brought a plate with vegetables, and immediately flew a fly looking around, trying to land on the plate. People tried to hit it, but they couldn't hit it. Some people wonder, why can cats jump up quickly, without aiming, they can catch flies in one shot?
Scientists explain this: In the eyes of the fly, humans think that a lightning-fast beat is just a slow motion. Studies have shown that small animals like insects can receive much more information in one second than large creatures such as humans. If you look at the pigeon, you will find that when its gaze scans the surroundings, it is trembling slightly, and it looks like there is another clock in its body, which is walking several times faster than ours.
To be precise, in the eyes of small animals, humans are slow to react and move slowly. They look at humans just like humans look at huge, clumsy elephants. In order to quantify this invisible and intangible visual perception, researchers have adopted the method of critical flash frequency.
"Critical Flicker Frequency" is abbreviated as "CFF (Critical Flicker Frequency)". For example, when a light with a lower interval frequency stimulates our eyes, what we see is a bright and dark flicker. As the light stimulation interval shortens, our vision will feel a continuous light, our eyesight will feel a continuous light.
The CFF value reflects the speed at which the eyes process light. The faster the processing speed, the higher the CFF value. The CFF of the human eye is about 60HZ. Dog, oh, let’s change to a more elegant name. The CFF of a dog is 80HZ. In the eyes of a dog, the TV picture is not continuous, but a series of rapid changes of still images.
The CFF of flies is as high as 250HZ, and the response speed to visual stimuli is 4 times that of the human eye. Some scientists infer that the CFF of a species is related to its own body weight and metabolic rate. The smaller the body size, the shorter the time required for the signal to be transmitted to the brain; the higher the metabolic rate, the more adequate energy support for the transmission process.
In demonstrating this inference, the scientists screened out 34 animals and labeled their typical body weight, metabolic rate, and CFF in the same chart. The variables showed a significant correlation. In the research of scientists, squirrels ranked the highest in CFF value.
We may have expressed this feeling: Since the seemingly small flies can escape the attack of humans, they are bound to excel. Indeed, they do not have broad and profound ideas, cannot conduct profound thinking, and are powerless against powerful opponents, but they can quickly make judgments about the external environment and give them more chances of survival.
This advantage is really great. The difference in information processing speed is also the reason why small animals look more agile. Cats, puppies, and even children, always appear more active and anxious than adult individuals. In fact, for them, this is just a leisurely speed.
hsk 6 上 lesson 17 audio with pinyin and English translation 👇
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