Lesson 34 为文物而生的人
A person who was born for cultural relics
Wèi wénwù ér shēng de rén
为文物而生的人
A person who was born for cultural relics
Jǐ shí nián qián,
几十年前，
A few decades ago,
Běijīng jiētóu yuǎn bùjí jīntiān fánhuá.
北京街头远不及今天繁华。
the streets of Beijing were far less prosperous than they are today.
Qīngchén, zhāoxiá hái méi pù mǎn tiānkōng,
清晨，朝霞还没铺满天空，
In the early morning, the morning glow hadn't covered the sky.
yī wèi yīzhuó púsù, xìngqíng wēnhé de lǎorén,
一位衣着朴素、性情温和的老人，
An old man dressed in plain clothes and gentle-tempered
zuòzhe yīlù diānbǒ de gōnggòng qìchē qù shàngbān.
坐着一路颠簸的公共汽车去上班。
took a bumpy bus to go to work.
Dào zhànle,
到站了，
When he arrived at the station,
tā màn man de cóng chē shàng zǒu xiàlái,
他慢慢地从车上走下来，
he slowly got out of the car,
zǒuguò tā shúxī de dàjiē xiǎo xiàng,
走过他熟悉的大街小巷，
walked through the streets and alleys he was familiar with,
bùxíng dào gùgōng bówùyuàn.
步行到故宫博物院。
and walked to the Palace Museum.
Tā jiùshì zhùmíng de gǔ táocí shōucáng jiā, jiàndìng jiā sūnyíngzhōu.
他就是著名的古陶瓷收藏家、鉴定家孙瀛洲。
He is Sun Yingzhou, a well-known collector and expert of ancient ceramics.
Duìyú sūnyíngzhōu hé tā de jiārén lái shuō,
对于孙瀛洲和他的家人来说，
For Sun Yingzhou and his family,
1956 nián shìgè zhídé jìyì de niántóu,
1956年是个值得记忆的年头，
1956 was a memorable year.
nà yī nián sūnyíngzhōu jiāng zìjǐ jīngxīn shōucáng de 3000 yú jiàn wénwù wúcháng zèngsòng gěile gùgōng bówùyuàn,
那一年孙瀛洲将自己精心收藏的3000余件文物无偿赠送给了故宫博物院，
ToThat year, Sun Yingzhou gifted more than 3,000 cultural relics he carefully collected to the Palace Museum for free.
qízhōng de dòu cǎi sānqiū bēi gèng shì géwài yǐn rén zhùmù.
其中的斗彩三秋杯更是格外引人注目。
Among them, the Doucai Sanqiu Cup was particularly eye-catching.
Sūnyíngzhōu de nǚ'ér sūn nǚshì zhìjīn réng jìdé dàng nián de qíngjǐng.
孙瀛洲的女儿孙女士至今仍记得当年的情景。
Sun Yingzhou's daughter, Ms. Sun, still remembers that year.
Nàxiē rìzi,
那些日子，
In those days,
jiālǐ rén lái rén wǎng, luòyì bù jué,
家里人来人往，络绎不绝，
the family is constantly coming and going,
rénmen mángzhe duì juānxiàn de wénwù dēngjì zào cè,
人们忙着对捐献的文物登记造册，
and people were busy registering the donated cultural relics.
zhīhòu, gùgōng de tóngzhì jiù gāi lái dǎbāo zhuāng xiāngle.
之后，故宫的同志就该来打包装箱了。
After that, the comrades from the Forbidden City should come and pack the boxes.
Nà wǎn, fùqīn bǎ quánjiā jiào dào yīqǐ,
那晚，父亲把全家叫到一起，
That night, my father called the whole family together,
cóng zhǔnbèi juān chū de jǐ bǎi hé zhēnguì wénwù zhòng zhǎo chū yīgè jīngzhì de xiǎo hézi,
从准备捐出的几百盒珍贵文物中找出一个精致的小盒子，
found a small exquisite box from the hundreds of boxes of precious cultural relics he was going to donate,
qǔchū liǎng gè xiǎo cí bēi gěi quánjiā kàn.
取出两个小瓷杯给全家看。
and took out two small porcelain cups for the whole family to see.
Tā shuō zhè shì zán jiā zuì zhíqián de dōngxi,
他说这是咱家最值钱的东西，
He said that this is the most valuable thing in our family,
gùgōng lǐ yě méiyǒu,
故宫里也没有，
and it is not in the Forbidden City.
míngtiān jiù juān gěi gùgōngle,
明天就捐给故宫了，
I will donate it to the Forbidden City tomorrow.
jīntiān ràng nǐmen kàn kàn.
今天让你们看看。
Let you see it today.
Fùqīn shuōhuà shí liǎn shàng chōngmǎnle zìháo.
父亲说话时脸上充满了自豪。
His face was full of pride when he spoke.
Dàjiā zhuānzhù de kànzhe fùqīn shǒu lǐ nà duì zàoxíng xiù qiǎo, bēi tǐ qīng líng,
大家专注地看着父亲手里那对造型秀巧，杯体轻灵、
Everyone focused on watching the pair of delicately shaped porcelain cups in father's hands.
jiébái de dòu cǎi cí bēi:
洁白的斗彩瓷杯：
The cup was light and white.
Bēi tǐ sèdiào róuhé níngjìng,
杯体色调柔和宁静，
The color of the cup was soft and quiet.
dāpèi de tú'àn shì liǎng zhī zài shānshí huācǎo jiān fēiwǔ de húdié,
搭配的图案是两只在山石花草间飞舞的蝴蝶，
The matching pattern was two butterflies flying among the rocks, flowers and grass,
dànyǎ qīngshuǎng, shǎngxīnyuèmù.
淡雅清爽，赏心悦目。
elegant and refreshing, pleasing to the eye .
Xiāngchuán zhè duì bēizi shì dāngnián huángdì zhuānmén xià zhǐ shāo zhì de,
相传这对杯子是当年皇帝专门下旨烧制的，
According to legend, this pair of cups was specially made by the emperor,
bùshì shāo gěi huánghòu, ér shì shāo gěi yī wèi ài fēi.
不是烧给皇后，而是烧给一位爱妃。
not for the queen, but for a prince wife.
Dāngshí gòng shāo chéng 5 duì,
当时共烧成5对，
At that time, a total of 5 pairs were fired.
xuǎn chū zhè yī duì hòu, qíyú 4 duì quánbù xiāohuǐ,
选出这一对后，其余4对全部销毁，
After this pair was selected, all the other 4 pairs were destroyed,
bìng jiāng shāo zhì bēizi de shǒuyì rén chǔsǐ,
并将烧制杯子的手艺人处死，
and the craftsman who made the cups was put to death.
shāo zhì gōngyì jiùcǐ shīchuán,
烧制工艺就此失传，
The firing process has been lost,
ér zhè duì níngjùzhe xiān rén zhìhuì jiéjīng de bēizi yě jiù chéngle cúnshì gū pǐn.
而这对凝聚着先人智慧结晶的杯子也就成了存世孤品。
and the pair of cups that condense the wisdom of the ancestors have become orphans.
Yěxǔ yǒurén yào wèn, zhè sūnyíngzhōu dàodǐ shénme láilì?
也许有人要问，这孙瀛洲到底什么来历？
Someone may ask, what is the origin of Sun Yingzhou?
Jiā cáng jìngrán rúcǐ fēnghòu?
家藏竟然如此丰厚？
Family collection is so rich?
Sūnyíngzhōu de jíguàn shì héběi,
孙瀛洲的籍贯是河北，
Sun Yingzhou's native place is Hebei.
tā 13 suì dào Běijīng,
他13岁到北京，
He went to Beijing at the age of 13
zài gǔwàn diàn zuò xuétú, huǒjì,
在古玩店做学徒、伙计，
and worked as an apprentice and assistant in an antique shop,
zhīhòu zuòguò cǎigòu, fù jīnglǐ.
之后做过采购、副经理。
and later as a purchaser and deputy manager.
1923 Nián tā zìjǐ chuàngyè, kāibànle gǔwàn diàn.
1923年他自己创业，开办了古玩店。
In 1923, he started his own business and opened an antique shop.
Yóuyú jīngyíng yǒu fāng,
由于经营有方，
Because of his good management
yòu shōucáng yǒu dàliàng zhēnguì wénwù,
又收藏有大量珍贵文物，
and a large collection of precious cultural relics,
sūnyíngzhōu zài dāngshí de gǔdǒng jīngyíng zhě zhōng hěn yǒu wēiwàng.
孙瀛洲在当时的古董经营者中很有威望。
Sun Yingzhou was very prestigious among the antique dealers at that time.
Sūn nǚshì gǎnkǎi dào,
孙女士感慨道，
Ms. Sun said with emotion that
jǐnguǎn dāngnián jiāzhōng sī cáng fēnghòu,
尽管当年家中私藏丰厚，
even though the family had a wealth of private possessions,
dàn tāmen shēnghuó què fēicháng jiǎnpú, shènzhì yǒuxiē lìnsè,
但他们生活却非常简朴，甚至有些吝啬，
their lives were very simple and even stingy.
jǔ gè lìzi ba,
举个例子吧，
For example,
guònián shí háizimen chī de tánghúlu dōu shì sūnyíngzhōu zìzhì de.
过年时孩子们吃的糖葫芦都是孙瀛洲自制的。
the candied haws the children ate during the Chinese New Year were all made by Sun Yingzhou.
Tā duì háizi shàngqiě rúcǐ,
他对孩子尚且如此，
Even if he treats his children this way,
duì zìjǐ de nà fèn jiéjiǎn yě jiù bù nán xiǎngxiàngle.
对自己的那份节俭也就不难想象了。
it is not difficult to imagine the frugality of himself.
Kěshì, wèile shōugòu juéshì zhēnpǐn dòu cǎi sānqiū bēi, tā què shì bùxī zhòngjīn.
可是，为了收购绝世珍品斗彩三秋杯，他却是不惜重金。
However, he did not hesitate to spend a lot of money in order to acquire the peerless treasure Doucai Sanqiu Cup.
Zhèng shì zhè zhǒng duì táocí zhízhuó de rè'ài,
正是这种对陶瓷执着的热爱，
It is this dedication to ceramics
shǐ sūnyíngzhōu shōucángle shùliàng kěguān de táocí jīngpǐn.
使孙瀛洲收藏了数量可观的陶瓷精品。
that has led Sun Yingzhou to collect a considerable amount of ceramics.
Sūn yíng zhōu de zǐnǚmen shuō,
孙赢洲的子女们说，
Sun Yingzhou’s children said that
fùqīn lái dào zhège shìjiè hǎoxiàng zhǐyǒu yīgè shénshèng de shǐmìng-bǎohù wénwù.
父亲来到这个世界好像只有一个神圣的使命－保护文物。
his father came to this world as if he had only one sacred mission-to protect cultural relics.
Tā quánshēn xīn tóurù dào wénwù dāngzhōng, shēnghuó zài wénwù dāngzhōng.
他全身心投入到文物当中，生活在文物当中。
He devoted himself to cultural relics and lived in cultural relics.
Yǒurén wèn tāmen zěnyàng kàndài dāngnián fùqīn juānzèng de yìjǔ?
有人问他们怎样看待当年父亲捐赠的义举？
Someone asked them what they thought of the charity donated by their father back then?
Yàoshi zài jīntiān, nǐmen zhèxiē zuò jiāshǔ de huì zhīchí fùqīn ma?
要是在今天，你们这些做家属的会支持父亲吗？
If today, will you family members support your father?
Tāmen huídá: “Jīntiān wǒmen yě huì yǒnghù fùqīn de xuǎnzé,
他们回答：“今天我们也会拥护父亲的选择，
They replied: "Today we will also support the father's choice,
jiù xiàng fùqīn juān chū zhèxiē wénwù bùshì wèile biǎozhāng, bùshì wèile jià qì, bùzú wéi le jiǎnglì,
就像父亲捐出这些文物不是为了表彰，不是为了架器，不足为了奖励，
just as the father donated these cultural relics not for commendation, not for racking, or for rewards.
Yě méi xiǎngdédào shénme chēnghào yīyàng,
也没想得到什么称号一样,
and didn't expect to get any titles.
zhèxiē dōngxi běn jiù shǔyú guójiā, shǔyú quán rénlèi.
这些东西本就属于国家,属于全人类。
These things belong to the country and all mankind.
Sūn jiā hòu rén hěn zhēngqì,
孙家后人很争气，
The descendants of the Sun family are very upbeat.
tāmen bùxiǎng zhān fùqīn de guāng,
他们不想沾父亲的光，
They don't want to be in the light of their father.
fùqīn liú gěi tāmen zuìdà de cáifù jiùshì gāojié de pǐnzhí.
父亲留给他们最大的财富就是高洁的品质。
The greatest wealth his father left them is the noble quality.
1956 Nián, sūnyíngzhōu shòupìn yú gùgōng bówùyuàn cóngshì gǔ táocí yánjiū, jiàndìng gōngzuò.
1956年，孙瀛洲受聘于故宫博物院从事古陶瓷研究、鉴定工作。
In 1956, Sun Yingzhou was hired by the Palace Museum to study and appraise ancient ceramics.
Tā hěn lèyì jiēshòu zhè fèn gōngzuò,
他很乐意接受这份工作，
He is happy to accept this job,
gōngzuò zhōng gèng shì jīngyìqiújīng.
工作中更是精益求精。
and he strives for perfection in his work.
Sūnyíngzhōu de dìzǐ jiǎngguò zhèyàng yī jiàn shì:
孙瀛洲的弟子讲过这样一件事：
Sun Yingzhou’s disciples once talked about this:
Yīcì, sūnyíngzhōu ràng rénmen bǎ bùtóng shíqí de cíqì fàng zài yīqǐ,
一次，孙瀛洲让人们把不同时期的瓷器放在一起，
Once, Sun Yingzhou asked people to put together porcelains from different periods.
qízhōng dāngrán yǒu zhēnpǐn, yěyǒu fǎng pǐn.
其中当然有真品，也有仿品。
Of course, there were genuine and imitations.
Tā bèiguò shēn, rénmen dǎ luàn bǎi fàng cìxù,
他背过身，人们打乱摆放次序，
He turned his back, and people shuffled the order.
tā bìzhe yǎnjīng, zhuǎnguò shēn lái, zhǐ yòng shǒu mō,
他闭着眼睛，转过身来，只用手摸，
He closed his eyes, turned around, and only touched it with his hands,
jiù zhǔnquè de yīyī shuō chūle gè jiàn wénwù de cháodài, míngchēng.
就准确地一一说出了各件文物的朝代、名称。
and he accurately stated the dynasty and name of each cultural relic one by one.
Zài lìlái jiǎ huò fànlàn de wénwù jiè,
在历来假货泛滥的文物界，
In the cultural relic world where fake goods have always been flooded,
jiàndìng jiā sūnyíngzhōu jiùshì yī zhāng zuì yǒu wēixìn de míngpiàn.
鉴定家孙瀛洲就是一张最有威信的名片。
the connoisseur Sun Yingzhou is the most prestigious business card.
Dāngdài shèhuì,
当代社会，
In contemporary society,
bèi chēng wèi “zhuānjiā” róngyì,
被称为“专家”容易，
it is easy to be called an "expert",
chēng wèi “zhùmíng zhuānjiā” yě bù nán,
称为“著名专家”也不难，
and it is not difficult to be called a "famous expert",
dàn chēng dé shàng “dàjiā” de bù duō,
但称得上“大家”的不多，
but not many people can be called "everyone".
sūnyíngzhōu jiùshì rén rén xīnfú kǒufú de guójiā jíbié de “dàjiā”.
孙瀛洲就是人人心服口服的国家级别的“大家”。
Sun Yingzhou is a national-level "everyone" who is convinced by everyone.
Sūnyíngzhōu zài gùgōng bówùyuàn gōngzuò qíjiān jiāng yīshēng suǒ xué háo wú bǎoliú de chuánshòu gěi xuéshēng,
孙瀛洲在故宫博物院工作期间将一生所学毫无保留地传授给学生，
During his work in the Palace Museum, Sun Yingzhou imparted his life learning to students without reservation,
péiyǎng chū yī pī wénwù jiàndìng réncái,
培养出一批文物鉴定人才，
and cultivated a group of cultural relic appraisal talents,
yǒu de yǐ chéngwéi dāngjīn gǔ táocí jiàndìng de tàidǒu.
有的已成为当今古陶瓷鉴定的泰斗。
some of whom have become today's masters of ancient ceramic appraisal.
Gǎibiān zì “Běijīng qīngnián bào” wénzhāng “sūnyíngzhōu céng juān shàng qiān wénwù gěi gùgōng hòu rén chēng shì míngzhì zhī jǔ”
改编自《北京青年报》文章《孙瀛洲曾捐上千文物给故宫 后人称是明智之举》
Adapted from the "Beijing Youth Daily" article "Sun Yingzhou once donated thousands of cultural relics to the Forbidden City, later known as a wise move"
Full Translation
A person who was born for cultural relics
A few decades ago, the streets of Beijing were far less prosperous than they are today. In the early morning, the morning glow hadn't covered the sky. An old man dressed in plain clothes and gentle-tempered took a bumpy bus to go to work. When he arrived at the station, he slowly got out of the car, walked through the streets and alleys he was familiar with, and walked to the Palace Museum.
He is Sun Yingzhou, a well-known collector and expert of ancient ceramics. For Sun Yingzhou and his family, 1956 was a memorable year. ToThat year, Sun Yingzhou gifted more than 3,000 cultural relics he carefully collected to the Palace Museum for free. Among them, the Doucai Sanqiu Cup was particularly eye-catching. Sun Yingzhou's daughter, Ms. Sun, still remembers that year.
In those days, the family is constantly coming and going, and people were busy registering the donated cultural relics. After that, the comrades from the Forbidden City should come and pack the boxes. That night, my father called the whole family together, found a small exquisite box from the hundreds of boxes of precious cultural relics he was going to donate, and took out two small porcelain cups for the whole family to see.
He said that this is the most valuable thing in our family, and it is not in the Forbidden City. I will donate it to the Forbidden City tomorrow. Let you see it today. His face was full of pride when he spoke. Everyone focused on watching the pair of delicately shaped porcelain cups in father's hands. The cup was light and white. The color of the cup was soft and quiet. The matching pattern was two butterflies flying among the rocks, flowers and grass, elegant and refreshing, pleasing to the eye.
According to legend, this pair of cups was specially made by the emperor, not for the queen, but for a prince wife. At that time, a total of 5 pairs were fired. After this pair was selected, all the other 4 pairs were destroyed, and the craftsman who made the cups was put to death. The firing process has been lost, and the pair of cups that condense the wisdom of the ancestors have become orphans.
Someone may ask, what is the origin of Sun Yingzhou? Family collection is so rich?
Sun Yingzhou's native place is Hebei. He went to Beijing at the age of 13 and worked as an apprentice and assistant in an antique shop, and later as a purchaser and deputy manager. In 1923, he started his own business and opened an antique shop.
Because of his good management and a large collection of precious cultural relics, Sun Yingzhou was very prestigious among the antique dealers at that time. Ms. Sun said with emotion that even though the family had a wealth of private possessions, their lives were very simple and even stingy. For example, the candied haws the children ate during the Chinese New Year were all made by Sun Yingzhou.
Even if he treats his children this way, it is not difficult to imagine the frugality of himself. However, he did not hesitate to spend a lot of money in order to acquire the peerless treasure Doucai Sanqiu Cup. It is this dedication to ceramics that has led Sun Yingzhou to collect a considerable amount of ceramics. Sun Yingzhou’s children said that his father came to this world as if he had only one sacred mission-to protect cultural relics. He devoted himself to cultural relics and lived in cultural relics. Someone asked them what they thought of the charity donated by their father back then?
If today, will you family members support your father?
They replied: "Today we will also support the father's choice, just as the father donated these cultural relics not for commendation, not for racking, and didn't expect to get any titles. These things belong to the country and all mankind.
The descendants of the Sun family are very upbeat. They don't want to be in the light of their father. The greatest wealth his father left them is the noble quality. In 1956, Sun Yingzhou was hired by the Palace Museum to study and appraise ancient ceramics. He is happy to accept this job, and he strives for perfection in his work.
Sun Yingzhou’s disciples once talked about this: Once, Sun Yingzhou asked people to put together porcelains from different periods. Of course, there were genuine and imitations. He turned his back, and people shuffled the order. He closed his eyes, turned around, and only touched it with his hands, and he accurately stated the dynasty and name of each cultural relic one by one. In the cultural relic world where fake goods have always been flooded, the connoisseur Sun Yingzhou is the most prestigious business card.
In contemporary society, it is easy to be called an "expert", and it is not difficult to be called a "famous expert", but not many people can be called "everyone". Sun Yingzhou is a national-level "everyone" who is convinced by everyone. During his work in the Palace Museum, Sun Yingzhou imparted his life learning to students without reservation, and cultivated a group of cultural relic appraisal talents, some of whom have become today's masters of ancient ceramic appraisal.
Adapted from the "Beijing Youth Daily" article "Sun Yingzhou once donated thousands of cultural relics to the Forbidden City, later known as a wise move"
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