Lesson 35 植物会出汗
Plants also sweat
Zhíwù huì chū hàn
植物会出汗
Plants also sweat
Yánrè de xiàtiān, tī wán yī chǎng qiúsài,
炎热的夏天，踢完一场球赛，
In the hot summer, after playing a game,
měi gè duìyuán dōu yǐjīng shì hàn rú yǔ xià.
每个队员都已经是汗如雨下。
every team member was already sweating.
Rúguǒ zhège shíhòu, néng dào dà shù xià xiē yī xiē,
如果这个时候，能到大树下歇一歇，
If you can take a break under the big tree at this time,
hē kǒu liáng kāishuǐ, chī gè bīngjīlíng, fàngsōng fàngsōng jīròu, huǎn jiè yīxià píláo,
喝口凉开水，吃个冰激凌，放松放松肌肉，缓解一下疲劳，
drink cold water, eat ice cream, relax your muscles, and relieve your fatigue,
nà yīdìng shì jiàn měi shì, kěyǐ hěn kuài huīfù huólì.
那一定是件美事，可以很快恢复活力。
it must be a good thing and you can quickly regain your vitality.
Bùguò, nǐ zhīdao ma,
不过，你知道吗，
But, did you know that
wǒmen zhī suǒyǐ néng zài dà shù xià xiǎngshòu zhè zhǒng shīrùn yīnliáng,
我们之所以能在大树下享受这种湿润荫凉，
the reason why we can enjoy this moist shade under the big tree
yěshì yīn wéi dà shù zài “chū hàn” ne!
也是因为大树在 “出汗” 呢！
is also because the big tree is "sweating"!
Réntǐ yào bǎochí xiāngduì wěndìng de wēndù,
人体要保持相对稳定的温度，
The human body must maintain a relatively stable temperature.
yīdàn wēndù shàngshēng,
一旦温度上升，
Once the temperature rises,
dànǎo jiù huì zhǐhuī wǒmen de shēntǐ gǎnkuài chū hàn,
大脑就会指挥我们的身体赶快出汗，
the brain will direct our body to sweat as quickly as possible.
zhè shí suǒyǒu hànxiàn kāishǐ gōngzuò,
这时所有汗腺开始工作，
At this time, all sweat glands begin to work,
hànshuǐ jiù cóng máokǒng lǐ màole chūlái.
汗水就从毛孔里冒了出来。
and sweat will come out of the pores.
Dà shù chū de “hàn”, tōngcháng shì cóng yèpiàn de qìkǒng lǐ mào chū lái de,
大树出的 “汗”，通常是从叶片的气孔里冒出来的，
The "sweat" produced by big trees usually comes from the stomata of the leaves.
bùguò, zhè zhǒng “chū hàn” kě bùshì wèile jiàngdī wēndù,
不过，这种 “出汗” 可不是为了降低温度，
However, this kind of "sweat" is not to lower the temperature,
ér shì wèile yùnshū yǎngfèn.
而是为了运输养分。
but to transport nutrients.
Wǒmen dōu zhīdào zhèyàng de chángshì-zhíwù de gēn huì xīshōu yǎngfèn hé shuǐfèn,
我们都知道这样的常识－植物的根会吸收养分和水分，
We all know this common sense-the roots of plants absorb nutrients and water,
dànshì nǐ yǒu méiyǒu xiǎngguò,
但是你有没有想过，
but have you ever thought about
zhíwù shì zěnme kòngzhì zhèxiē chéngfèn,
植物是怎么控制这些成分，
how plants control these components
bǎ tāmen yùnshū dào shí jǐmǐ shènzhì shàng bǎi mǐ de shù shāo de ne?
把它们运输到十几米甚至上百米的树梢的呢？
and transport them to the top of a tree that is more than ten meters or even hundreds of meters away?
Zuìchū rénmen rènwéi dà shù shì tōngguò máoxì zuòyòng lái tí shuǐ de.
最初人们认为大树是通过毛细作用来提水的。
At first it was thought that big trees lifted water through capillary action.
Suǒwèi “máoxì zuòyòng”,
所谓 “毛细作用”，
The so-called "capillary action",
jiǎndān lái shuō,
简单来说，
in simple terms,
jiùshì shuǐ huì shùnzhe hěn xì hěn xì de guǎnzi xiàngshàng “pá”,
就是水会顺着很细很细的管子向上 “爬”，
is that water will "climb up" along a very thin tube.
wǒmen zài jiā kěyǐ yòng yīgè bǐjiào xì de bōlí guǎn tǐyàn yīxià.
我们在家可以用一个比较细的玻璃管体验一下。
We can experience it with a relatively thin glass tube at home.
Bōlí guǎn yuè xì, shuǐ páshēng de gāodù jiù yuè gāo.
玻璃管越细，水爬升的高度就越高。
The thinner the glass tube, the higher the water climbs.
Kěshì, jīngguò cèyàn jìsuàn fāxiàn,
可是，经过测验计算发现，
However, after testing and calculations, it is found that
yǐ dà shù shūsòng guǎndào de chǐcùn chǎnshēng de máoxì zuòyòng,
以大树输送管道的尺寸产生的毛细作用，
the capillary action produced by the size of the big tree transportation pipe
gēnběn wúfǎ bǎ shuǐfèn sòng dào jǐ shí mǐ gāo de dìfāng.
根本无法把水分送到几十米高的地方。
cannot send water to places tens of meters high.
Shíjì shang, dà shù lìyòng de shìzhī gàn dǐngduān de nàxiē yèpiàn.
实际上，大树利用的是枝干顶端的那些叶片。
In fact, big trees use the leaves at the top of their branches.
Yèzi tōngguò bu tíng de xiàng kōngqì zhòng shìfàng shuǐqì,
叶子通过不停地向空气中释放水汽，
The leaves continuously release water vapor into the air,
pòshǐ shùgàn zhōng de shuǐfèn zìdòng qián lái bǔchōng,
迫使树干中的水分自动前来补充，
forcing the moisture in the trunk to automatically come to replenish it,
zhèyàng jié jié chuándì, jiù xiàng shì bǎ shù gēn xīshōu de shuǐfèn gěi chōule shànglái.
这样节节传递，就像是把树根吸收的水分给抽了上来。
so that the continual transmission is like pumping up the moisture absorbed by the roots.
Yīnwèi gēn zhēngténg zuòyòng yǒuguān,
因为跟蒸腾作用有关，
Because it is related to transpiration,
zhè zhǒng tèshū de tíshēng lì jiù bèi chēng wèi “zhēngténg lālì”.
这种特殊的提升力就被称为 “蒸腾拉力”。
this special lifting force is called "transpiration pull".
Bùguò, zhège dà shù nèibù de gōngshuǐ xìtǒng jùtǐ de yùnzhuǎn zhuàngkuàng shì zěnme yàng de,
不过，这个大树内部的供水系统具体的运转状况是怎么样的，
However, what is the specific operation status of the water supply system inside this big tree,
tāmen zūnshǒu de shì yī zhǒng shénme yàng de zhìxù,
它们遵守的是一种什么样的秩序，
what kind of order they obey,
wèishéme huì chǎnshēng rúcǐ jùdà de lālì, dào mùqián háishì gè mí.
为什么会产生如此巨大的拉力，到目前还是个谜。
and why such a huge pulling force is generated is still a mystery.
Gǎibiān zì “kēxué sōngshǔ huì”, zuòzhě: Shǐ jūn
改编自《科学松鼠会》，作者：史军
Adapted from "Science Squirrel Club", author: Shi Jun
Full Translation
Plants also sweat
In the hot summer, after playing a game, every team member was already sweating. If you can take a break under the big tree at this time, drink cold water, eat ice cream, relax your muscles, and relieve your fatigue, it must be a good thing and you can quickly regain your vitality. But, did you know that the reason why we can enjoy this moist shade under the big tree is also because the big tree is "sweating"!
The human body must maintain a relatively stable temperature. Once the temperature rises, the brain will direct our body to sweat as quickly as possible. At this time, all sweat glands begin to work, and sweat will come out of the pores. The "sweat" produced by big trees usually comes from the stomata of the leaves.
However, this kind of "sweat" is not to lower the temperature, but to transport nutrients. We all know this common sense-the roots of plants absorb nutrients and water, but have you ever thought about how plants control these components and transport them to the top of a tree that is more than ten meters or even hundreds of meters away?
At first it was thought that big trees lifted water through capillary action. The so-called "capillary action", in simple terms, is that water will "climb up" along a very thin tube. We can experience it with a relatively thin glass tube at home. The thinner the glass tube, the higher the water climbs.
However, after testing and calculations, it is found that the capillary action produced by the size of the big tree transportation pipe
cannot send water to places tens of meters high. In fact, big trees use the leaves at the top of their branches. The leaves continuously release water vapor into the air, forcing the moisture in the trunk to automatically come to replenish it, so that the continual transmission is like pumping up the moisture absorbed by the roots.
Because it is related to transpiration, this special lifting force is called "transpiration pull". However, what is the specific operation status of the water supply system inside this big tree, what kind of order they obey, and why such a huge pulling force is generated is still a mystery.
Adapted from "Science Squirrel Club", author: Shi Jun
No comments:
Post a Comment