Lesson 30 竞争让市场更高效
Competition makes the market more efficient
Jìngzhēng ràng shìchǎng gèng gāoxiào
竞争让市场更高效
Competition makes the market more efficient
Xībānyá rén tèbié xǐhuan chī shādīngyú.
西班牙人特别喜欢吃沙丁鱼。
The Spanish especially like to eat sardines.
Dàn shādīngyú duì líkāi dàhǎi hòu de huánjìng jí bù shìyìng,
但沙丁鱼对离开大海后的环境极不适应，
However, sardines are extremely unsuitable to the environment after leaving the sea,
yùnshū jiù chéngle wèntí.
运输就成了问题。
and transportation has become a problem.
Yú shàng'àn hòu, guò bu le duōjiǔ jiù huì sǐqù.
鱼上岸后，过不了多久就会死去。
The fish will die soon after they land.
Ér sǐ diào de shādīngyú kǒugǎn hěn chà,
而死掉的沙丁鱼口感很差，
The dead sardines have a bad taste,
zuòwéi shāngpǐn xiāoshòu, jiàgé jiù huì piányí hěnduō.
作为商品销售，价格就会便宜很多。
and the price will be much cheaper if they are sold as a commodity.
Rúguǒ shàng'àn shí shādīngyú hái huózhe,
如果上岸时沙丁鱼还活着，
If the sardines were alive when they landed,
yú de mài jià kěyǐ zhǎng hěnduō bèi.
鱼的卖价可以涨很多倍。
the selling price of the fish could increase many times.
Wèile yáncháng shādīngyú de cún huóqī,
为了延长沙丁鱼的存活期，
In order to prolong the survival period of sardines
jiǎnshǎo jīngjì sǔnshī,
减少经济损失，
and reduce economic losses,
yúmínmen xiǎngle hěnduō bànfǎ,
渔民们想了很多办法，
fishermen have thought of many ways,
dàn qíngkuàng réngrán méiyǒu dédào tài dà de gǎishàn.
但情况仍然没有得到太大的改善。
but the situation has not been improved much.
Hòulái yī wèi yúmín wúyì zhōng fāxiànle yī zhǒng qiǎomiào ér shíyòng de fāngfǎ:
后来一位渔民无意中发现了一种巧妙而实用的方法：
Later, a fisherman accidentally discovered an ingenious and practical method:
Bǎ jǐ tiáo shādīngyú de tiāndí nián yú fàng jìn zhuāng yú de shèbèi zhōng.
把几条沙丁鱼的天敌鲇鱼放进装鱼的设备中。
put a few catfish, the natural enemy of sardines, into the fish-carrying equipment.
Yīnwèi nián yú shì shíròu yú,
因为鲇鱼是食肉鱼，
Because catfish is a carnivorous fish
wúfǎ hé shādīngyú hépíng gòngchǔ,
无法和沙丁鱼和平共处，
and cannot coexist peacefully with sardines,
tā huì sìchù yóu dòng xúnzhǎo xiǎo yú chī,
它会四处游动寻找小鱼吃，
it will swim around looking for small fish to eat,
duì shādīngyú gòuchéng wēixié.
对沙丁鱼构成威胁。
posing a threat to sardines.
Wèile táobì tiāndí,
为了逃避天敌，
In order to avoid natural enemies,
shādīngyú zìrán huì bùduàn de jiāsù yóu dòng,
沙丁鱼自然会不断地加速游动，
sardines will naturally continue to speed up swimming,
cóng'ér bǎochíle wàngshèng de shēngmìnglì,
从而保持了旺盛的生命力，
thus maintaining vigorous vitality,
cúnhuó de bǐlì dàdà tígāo.
存活的比例大大提高。
greatly increasing the proportion of survival.
Kàn dào zhèlǐ, nǐ yǒu shénme gǎnxiǎng hé tǐhuì ne?
看到这里，你有什么感想和体会呢？
What do you think and experience after seeing this?
Qíshí, zhè zài jīngjì xué shàng bèi chēng wèi “nián yú xiàoyìng”.
其实，这在经济学上被称为“鲇鱼效应”。
In fact, this is called the "catfish effect" in economics.
Nián yú xiàoyìng duìyú shìchǎng jīngjì yǐjí xiàndài qǐyè guǎnlǐ dōu yǒu zhuó zhòngyào de qǐfā zuòyòng.
鲇鱼效应对于市场经济以及现代企业管理都有着重要的启发作用。
The catfish effect is an important inspiration for the market economy and modern enterprise management.
Zhège gàiniàn de héxīn shì:
这个概念的核心是：
The core of this concept is:
Yīgè shìchǎng rúguǒ néng cǎiqǔ yī zhǒng cuòshī, cìjī qǐyè huóyuè qǐlái,
一个市场如果能采取一种措施，刺激企业活跃起来，
if a market can take a measure to stimulate the enterprise to become active,
jiù néng shǐ qǐyè huòdé zúgòu de huólì,
就能使企业获得足够的活力，
it can enable the enterprise to gain enough vitality
zài shìchǎng zhōng jījí cānyù jìngzhēng ér bù zhìyú luòhòu,
在市场中积极参与竞争而不至于落后，
to actively participate in competition in the market without falling behind,
tóngshí zhèyàng fǎn guòlái yòu néng cùshǐ shìchǎng gèng wèi gāoxiào.
同时这样反过来又能促使市场更为高效。
at the same time, this in turn can make the market more efficient.
Cóng běnzhí shàng shuō, “nián yú xiàoyìng” shǐdé qǐyè hé yuángōng chǎnshēng yī zhǒng wéijī gǎn,
从本质上说，“鲇鱼效应”使得企业和员工产生一种危机感，
In essence, the "catfish effect" makes companies and employees feel a sense of crisis,
qíshí jiùshì yī zhǒng yālì xiàoyìng.
其实就是一种压力效应。
which is actually a stress effect.
Hěnduō yánjiū fāxiàn,
很多研究发现，
Many studies have found that
shìdù de yālì yǒu lìyú wǒmen bǎochí liánghǎo de zhuàngtài,
适度的压力有利于我们保持良好的状态，
moderate pressure helps us maintain a good condition,
gèngjiā yǒu zhù yú wājué wǒmen de qiánlì,
更加有助于挖掘我们的潜力，
and is more helpful to tap our potential,
cóng'ér tígāo gèrén de gōngzuò xiàolǜ.
从而提高个人的工作效率。
thereby improving personal work efficiency.
Bǐrú yùndòngyuán měi dào cānjiā bǐsài,
比如运动员每到参加比赛，
For example, every time an athlete participates in a competition,
yóuqí shì juésài shí,
尤其是决赛时，
especially in the finals,
yīdìng yào jiāng zìjǐ tiáozhěng dào jiējìn zuì jiā zhuàngtài,
一定要将自己调整到接近最佳状态，
he must adjust himself to be close to his best state,
ràng zìjǐ gǎndào shìdù de yālì,
让自己感到适度的压力，
so that he feels moderate pressure.
rúguǒ tā bù jǐnzhāng, méi yālì gǎn, zé bù lìyú chū chéngjī.
如果他不紧张、没压力感，则不利于出成绩。
If he is not nervous or stressed, it is not conducive to performance.
Yīncǐ, “nián yú xiàoyìng” díquè duì wājué yuángōng qiánlì, tígāo qǐyè huólì jùyǒu jījí de yìyì.
因此，“鲇鱼效应”的确对挖掘员工潜力、提高企业活力具有积极的意义。
Therefore, the "catfish effect" does have positive significance for tapping the potential of employees and improving the vitality of the enterprise.
Gǎibiān zì “měitiān xué yīdiǎn jīngjì xué”
改编自《每天学一点经济学》
Adapted from "Learn a little economics every day"
Full Translation
Competition makes the market more efficient
The Spanish especially like to eat sardines. However, sardines are extremely unsuitable to the environment after leaving the sea, and transportation has become a problem. The fish will die soon after they land. The dead sardines have a bad taste, and the price will be much cheaper if they are sold as a commodity.
If the sardines were alive when they landed, the selling price of the fish could increase many times. In order to prolong the survival period of sardines and reduce economic losses, fishermen have thought of many ways, but the situation has not been improved much.
Later, a fisherman accidentally discovered an ingenious and practical method: put a few catfish, the natural enemy of sardines, into the fish-carrying equipment. Because catfish is a carnivorous fish and cannot coexist peacefully with sardines, it will swim around looking for small fish to eat, posing a threat to sardines.
In order to avoid natural enemies, sardines will naturally continue to speed up swimming, thus maintaining vigorous vitality, greatly increasing the proportion of survival.
What do you think and experience after seeing this? In fact, this is called the "catfish effect" in economics. The catfish effect is an important inspiration for the market economy and modern enterprise management.
The core of this concept is: if a market can take a measure to stimulate the enterprise to become active, it can enable the enterprise to gain enough vitality to actively participate in competition in the market without falling behind, at the same time, this in turn can make the market more efficient.
In essence, the "catfish effect" makes companies and employees feel a sense of crisis, which is actually a stress effect. Many studies have found that moderate pressure helps us maintain a good condition, and is more helpful to tap our potential, thereby improving personal work efficiency.
For example, every time an athlete participates in a competition, especially in the finals, he must adjust himself to be close to his best state, so that he feels moderate pressure. If he is not nervous or stressed, it is not conducive to performance. Therefore, the "catfish effect" does have positive significance for tapping the potential of employees and improving the vitality of the enterprise.
Adapted from "Learn a little economics every day"
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