全球化视野中的中国饮食
Chinese food in the global context
Rènhé yīgè mínzú de yǐnshí dōu bùjǐn jǐn wèi yǐnshí,
任何一个民族的饮食都不仅仅为饮食，
The diet of any nation is more than just diet,
tā yùncángzhe zhège mínzú de jīngshén yǔ tèzhēng,
它蕴藏着这个民族的精神与特征，
it contains the spirit and characteristics of this nation,
chuándázhe zhège mínzú de wénhuà chuántǒng.
传达着这个民族的文化传统。
and conveys the cultural traditions of this nation.
Zhōngguó de yǐnshí wénhuà lìjīng shù qiān nián, shǐzhōng jùyǒu mèilì,
中国的饮食文化历经数千年，始终具有魅力，
China's food culture has been fascinating for thousands of years,
shì yīnwèi tā bùjǐn mínzú tèxìng xiānmíng,
是因为它不仅民族特性鲜明，
because it not only has distinctive national characteristics,
érqiě shànyú xīshōu bùtóng guójiā, bùtóng qūyù, bùtóng mínzú de yōuyì zhī chù,
而且善于吸收不同国家、不同区域、不同民族的优异之处，
but is also good at absorbing the advantages of different countries, regions, and ethnic groups,
yǐzhì huīhuáng zhìjīn.
以至辉煌至今。
and has even been brilliant to this day.
Zhōngguó wénhuà de héxīn shì yīgè “hé” zì.
中国文化的核心是一个 “和” 字。
The core of Chinese culture is the word "harmony".
“Hé” bāohán “zhōng hé” “héxié” zhī yì.
“和” 包含 “中和” “和谐” 之意。
"Harmony" includes the meaning of "neutralization" and "harmony".
“Zhōng hé” de yìsi jiùshì zhé zhōng, tiáohé xìng zhí bùtóng de shìwù.
“中和” 的意思就是折中、调和性质不同的事物。
"Neutralization" means to compromise and harmonize things with different properties.
Yuánběn zhōnghuá yǐnshí zhōng de dàliàng shíwù láizì liáokuò de tǔdì,
原本中华饮食中的大量食物来自辽阔的土地，
Originally, a large amount of food in the Chinese diet came from the vast land,
gāoshān shàng de fēiqín zǒushòu,
高山上的飞禽走兽，
the birds and beasts on the mountains,
húbó, xiǎo xī zhōng de yītiáo yú,
湖泊、小溪中的一条鱼，
a fish in a lake or stream,
qiūlíng shàng zhòngzhí de yī kē cài, jīngguò jīngxīn gòusī, qiǎomiào pēngrèn,
丘陵上种植的一棵菜，经过精心构思，巧妙烹饪，
and a vegetable planted on the hills were carefully conceived and cooked ingeniously,
jíbiàn jǐn wéi yī cān sùshí, yě kěyǐ ràng nǐ jǐn xiǎng rénjiān měiwèi.
即便仅为一餐素食，也可以让你尽享人间美味。
Even if it's just a vegetarian meal, you can enjoy the deliciousness of the world.
Hàn táng yǐhòu,
汉唐以后，
After the Han and Tang Dynasties,
zhōng yà jí dōngnányà de shíwù jìnrùle zhōnghuá yǐnshí tǐxì,
中亚及东南亚的食物进入了中华饮食体系，
the food of Central Asia and Southeast Asia entered the Chinese diet system,
jí dà de fēngfùle zhōngguó shíwù de pǐnzhǒng;
极大地丰富了中国食物的品种；
which greatly enriched the variety of Chinese food.
jìndài,
近代，
In modern times,
xīfāng yǐnshí sīxiǎng yǔ fāngshì dédào rènkě,
西方饮食思想与方式得到认可，
Western dietary ideas and methods have been recognized,
jùyǒu xiàndài tèzhēng de zhōnghuá yǐnshí xíngtài zhújiàn xíngchéng.
具有现代特征的中华饮食形态逐渐形成。
and the Chinese diet with modern characteristics has gradually formed.
Zài shícái zāipéi fāngmiàn,
在食材栽培方面，
In terms of food cultivation,
zhōnghuá yǐnshí jiānchí yǐ běnguó wùchǎn wèi jīběn yuánliào,
中华饮食坚持以本国物产为基本原料，
the Chinese diet insists on using domestic products as the basic raw materials,
tóngshí hélǐ yǐnjìn, péiyù wàilái pǐnzhǒng,
同时合理引进、培育外来品种，
while rationally introducing and cultivating foreign varieties,
bǐrú kāfēi, níngméng, mángguǒ děng,
比如咖啡、柠檬、芒果等，
such as coffee, lemons, and mangoes,
fánshì lìshǐ bùgòu yōujiǔ de wàilái shípǐn,
凡是历史不够悠久的外来食品，
For foreign foods that are not long enough in history,
rénmen yībān cóng shíwù míngchēng shàng jiù néng lìjí qīngxī de fēnbiàn chū tā de yáng shēnfèn.
人们一般从食物名称上就能立即清晰地分辨出它的洋身份。
People generally can clearly distinguish its foreign identity from the name of the food.
Zhìyú zhōngcān zhōng shǐyòng pínlǜ zuìgāo de cōng, jiāng, suàn děng tiáoliào,
至于中餐中使用频率最高的葱、姜、蒜等调料，
As for the seasonings such as onion, ginger and garlic, which are most frequently used in Chinese food,
yīn qí jìnrù zhōnghuá yǐnshí niándài jiǔyuǎn, xǔduō zhōngguó rén shènzhì bǎ tā dàngchéngle zhèngzōng de Zhōngguó shícái.
因其进入中华饮食年代久远，许多中国人甚至把它当成了正宗的中国食材。
many Chinese people even regard it as authentic Chinese ingredients because they have been in the Chinese diet for a long time.
Zài jiāgōng guòchéng zhōng,
在加工过程中，
During the process,
Zhōngguó rén zhàoyàng kěyǐ yòng zhōngguó fāngshì pēngrèn wàilái shícái,
中国人照样可以用中国方式烹饪外来食材，
the Chinese can still cook foreign ingredients in a Chinese way
shǐ tā měiwèi yòu rén.
使它美味诱人。
to make it delicious and attractive.
Ér zhè yīqiè délì yú zhōngguó rén nénggòu chōngfèn rènshí yìyù shíwù de nèizài jiàzhí,
而这一切得力于中国人能够充分认识异域食物的内在价值，
All this is due to the fact that Chinese people can fully understand the intrinsic value of exotic foods,
yǐ kāifàng xìng de sīwéi hé línggǎn, chuàngxīn shì de bǎ wàilái shíwù gǎibiàn wéi zhōngguó yǐnshí chéngfèn.
以开放性的思维和灵感，创新式地把外来食物改变为中国饮食成分。
and innovatively change foreign foods into Chinese dietary ingredients with open thinking and inspiration.
Zài jiùcān fāngshì shàng,
在就餐方式上，
In terms of dining styles,
zhōnghuá yǐnshí wénhuà tóngyàng xiǎnshìzhe bù páichì yìyù wénhuà de tàidù,
中华饮食文化同样显示着不排斥异域文化的态度，
Chinese food culture also shows an attitude of not rejecting foreign cultures,
bǐrú zhōngcān “hé cān zhì” de xíngchéng.
比如中餐 “合餐制” 的形成。
For example, the formation of Chinese food "combined meal system".
Xiānqín zhì táng dài,
先秦至唐代，
From the pre-Qin to the Tang dynasty,
Zhōngguó cǎiyòng fēncān shì fāngshì jiùcān.
中国采用分餐式方式就餐。
China adopted a split-meal approach for dining.
Nánběicháo shíqí,
南北朝时期，
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties,
yī zhǒng kě suíyì zhé qǐlái, chēng zuò hú chuáng de zuòjù
一种可随意折起来、称作胡床的坐具
A seat that can be folded up at will, called a Hu bed
hé yī zhǒng jiào dà de cānzhuō kāishǐ zài zhōngyuán dìqū liúxíng,
和一种较大的餐桌开始在中原地区流行，
and a larger dining table began to be popular in the Central Plains.
zhèxiē qìjù de tuīguǎng,
这些器具的推广，
The promotion of these appliances,
dǎpòle guì zuò ér shí de júxiàn,
打破了跪坐而食的局限，
broke the limitation of kneeling and eating,
xíngchéngle wéi zuò hé cān de xíngshì.
形成了围坐合餐的形式。
and formed a form of sitting and eating together.
Dāngrán, duì “hé cān zhì” de quánmiàn jiēshòu yǔ wénhuà rèntóng, gēnběn shàng yǔ “hé” wénhuà shì xiāngtōng de.
当然，对 “合餐制” 的全面接受与文化认同，根本上与“和”文化是相通的。
Of course, the overall acceptance and cultural identity of the "co-dining system" are fundamentally connected with the "harmony" culture.
Kěyǐ shuō,
可以说，
It can be said that
zhōnghuá yǐnshí wénhuà zì dànshēng zhī rì qǐ,
中华饮食文化自诞生之日起，
Since the birth of Chinese food culture,
jiù miànxiàng shìjiè, biān jìchéng, biān gǎigé,
就面向世界，边继承，边改革，
It facing the world, inheriting, reforming,
bùduàn yǐnjìn xīn yuánsù,
不断引进新元素，
and constantly introducing new elements,
zhè yěshì qí chōngmǎn huólì de àomì suǒzài.
这也是其充满活力的奥秘所在。
This is also the secret of its vitality.
Gǎibiān zì “lùn quánqiú huà shìyě zhōng de Zhōngguó yǐnshí”, zuòzhě: Xiàoxiàngdōng
改编自《论全球化视野中的中国饮食》，作者：肖向东
Adapted from "On Chinese Food in the Perspective of Globalization", author: Xiao Xiangdong
Full translation
Chinese food in the global context
The diet of any nation is more than just diet, it contains the spirit and characteristics of this nation, and conveys the cultural traditions of this nation. China's food culture has been fascinating for thousands of years, because it not only has distinctive national characteristics, but is also good at absorbing the advantages of different countries, regions, and ethnic groups, and has even been brilliant to this day.
The core of Chinese culture is the word "harmony". "Harmony" includes the meaning of "neutralization" and "harmony". "Neutralization" means to compromise and harmonize things with different properties.
Originally, a large amount of food in the Chinese diet came from the vast land, the birds and beasts on the mountains, a fish in the lakes and streams, and a vegetable planted on the hills were carefully conceived and cooked ingeniously, Even if it's just a vegetarian meal, you can enjoy the deliciousness of the world.
After the Han and Tang Dynasties, the food of Central Asia and Southeast Asia entered the Chinese diet system, which greatly enriched the variety of Chinese food. In modern times, Western dietary ideas and methods have been recognized, and the Chinese diet with modern characteristics has gradually formed.
In terms of food cultivation, the Chinese diet insists on using domestic products as the basic raw materials, while rationally introducing and cultivating foreign varieties, such as coffee, lemons, and mangoes, for foreign foods that are not long enough in history, people generally can clearly distinguish its foreign identity from the name of the food.
As for the seasonings such as onion, ginger and garlic, which are most frequently used in Chinese food, many Chinese people even regard it as authentic Chinese ingredients because they have been in the Chinese diet for a long time.
During the process, the Chinese can still cook foreign ingredients in a Chinese way to make it delicious and attractive. All this is due to the fact that Chinese people can fully understand the intrinsic value of exotic foods, and innovatively change foreign foods into Chinese dietary ingredients with open thinking and inspiration.
In terms of dining styles, Chinese food culture also shows an attitude of not rejecting foreign cultures, for example, the formation of Chinese food "combined meal system". From the pre-Qin to the Tang dynasty, China adopted a split-meal approach for dining.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, a seat that can be folded up at will, called a Hu bed and a larger dining table began to be popular in the Central Plains. The promotion of these appliances, broke the limitation of kneeling and eating, and formed a form of sitting and eating together. Of course, the overall acceptance and cultural identity of the "co-dining system" are fundamentally connected with the "harmony" culture.
It can be said that since the birth of Chinese food culture,it facing the world, inheriting, reforming, and constantly introducing new elements, this is also the secret of its vitality.
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