Lesson 40 人类超能力会改变世界纪录吗
Will superhuman powers change the world records?
Rénlèi chāo nénglì huì gǎibiàn shìjiè jìlù ma
人类超能力会改变世界纪录吗
Will superhuman powers change the world records?
Wǒmen yīzhí yǐwéi shìjiè jìlù jiùshì yào bùduàn bèi dǎpò,
我们一直以为世界纪录就是要不断被打破，
We have always thought that world records are to be constantly broken,
dàn guójì tián lián gōngbù de gè xiàng bǐsài chéngjī què gàosù wǒmen,
但国际田联公布的各项比赛成绩却告诉我们，
but the results of various competitions announced by the IAAF tell us that
duōshù shìjiè jìlù dōu shì zài 20 shìjì 90 niándài chuàngzào de.
多数世界纪录都是在20世纪90年代创造的。
most world records were created in the 1990s.
Cǐwài, gèng yǒurén yǐnyòng “měi rì diànxùn bào” de shuōfǎ chēng:
此外，更有人引用《每日电讯报》的说法称：
In addition, some people quoted the "Daily Telegraph" as saying:
Jiézhì 2060 nián, rénlèi kěnéng bù huì zài chuàngzào tǐtán xīn jìlù.
截至2060年，人类可能不会再创造体坛新纪录。
As of 2060, mankind may not create new sports records.
Yīgè rén de tǐnéng jiùjìng yǒu duōdà?
一个人的体能究竟有多大？
How strong is a person's physical fitness?
Rénmen zài lìzhēng dǎpò shìjiè jìlù de tóngshí,
人们在力争打破世界纪录的同时,
While people are striving to break the world record,
bùjīn huì duì zìjǐ de shēntǐ chǎnshēng yíwèn.
不禁会对自己的身体产生疑问。
people can't help but have questions about their bodies.
Bǐrú shuō,100 mǐ duǎnpǎo zuì kuài xūyào jǐ miǎo?
比如说，100米短跑最快需要几秒？
For example, how many seconds is the fastest for a 100-meter dash?
Zhè bùshì yīgè jiǎndān de shéi ná guànjūn,
这不是一个简单的谁拿冠军、
This is not a simple question of who wins the championship,
shéi ná yàjūn, shéi ná jìjūn de wèntí,
谁拿亚军、谁拿季军的问题，
who wins the runner-up, and who wins the third runner-up.
zhè shì duì rénlèi tǐnéng jíxiàn de zhuīwèn.
这是对人类体能极限的追问。
It is a question of the limits of human physical fitness.
Yǒu zhuānjiā rènwéi,
有专家认为，
Some experts believe that
rénlèi pǎo 100 mǐ sùdù de jíxiàn yīnggāi shì 10.42 miǎo,
人类跑100米速度的极限应该是10.42秒，
the limit for a human being to run 100 meters should be 10.42 seconds.
zài kǎolǜ yībān pǎo dào 80 mǐ cáinéng dádào quánsù,
再考虑一般跑到80米才能达到全速，
Considering that a full speed can only be achieved by generally running to 80 meters,
rénlèi kěnéng dádào de zuì kuàisù dù dàyuē wèi 11.96 miǎo.
人类可能达到的最快速度大约为11.96秒。
the fastest possible speed for humans is about 11.96 seconds.
Rán'ér, zài nà tiáo xiázhǎi de pǎodào shàng,
然而，在那条狭窄的跑道上，
However, on that narrow track,
rènxìng de yámǎijiā tiánjìng bǐsài xuǎnshǒu bó ěr tè jiǎnzhí jiù bù bǎ shìjiè jìlù fàng zài yǎn lǐ!
任性的牙买加田径比赛选手博尔特简直就不把世界纪录放在眼里！
the wayward Jamaican track and field athlete Bolt simply did not put the world record in his eyes!
2008 Nián 6 yuè 1 rì,
2008年6月1日，
On June 1, 2008,
zài Měiguó niǔyuē ruìbù dàjiǎngsài shàng ,
在美国纽约锐步大奖赛上，
at the Reebok Grand Prix in New York, USA,
tā yǐ 9.72 Miǎo de chéngjī huòdé 100 mǐ duǎnpǎo guànjūn,
他以9.72秒的成绩获得100米短跑冠军，
he won the 100-meter sprint championship with a time of 9.72 seconds,
dǎpòle tóngbāo bàowēi'ěr bǎochí de 9.74 miǎo de shìjiè jìlù;
打破了同胞鲍威尔保持的9.74秒的世界纪录；
breaking the world record of 9.74 seconds held by compatriot Powell;
2008 nián 8 yuè 16 rì Běijīng àoyùnhuì bǎi mǐ juésài diànshì zhíbò zhōng,
2008年8月16日北京奥运会百米决赛电视直播中，
In the live TV broadcast of the 100-meter final of the Beijing Olympic Games on August 16, 2008,
yáodòng de qízhì huì chéngle fèiténg de hǎiyáng,
摇动的旗帜汇成了沸腾的海洋，
the shaking flags merged into a boiling ocean.
tā yǐ 9.69 miǎo de chéngjī zàicì shuāxīn shìjiè jìlù,
他以9.69秒的成绩再次刷新世界纪录，
He set the world record again with a time of 9.69 seconds,
lǐngxiān yàjūn 0.2 miǎo.
领先亚军0.2秒。
0.2 seconds ahead of the runner-up.
Zhènfèn zhī yú rénmen bùjīn zàicì zhuīwèn-réntǐ yùndòng dàodǐ yǒu méiyǒu jíxiàn?
振奋之余人们不禁再次追问－人体运动到底有没有极限？
After being excited, people can't help asking again-Is there any limit to human movement?
Yǒu yánjiū zhě fēnjiěle bó ěr tè qǔdé 9.72 miǎo chéngjī de nà cì bǐsài dòngzuò,
有研究者分解了博尔特取得9.72秒成绩的那次比赛动作,
Some investigators broke down Bolt's game action in 9.72 seconds.
bìng lìyòng gōngshì zuòle jīngmì jìsuàn,
并利用公式做了精密计算，
and used the formula to make precise calculations.
jiélùn shì:
结论是：
The conclusion is:
Tā shì cóng jìngzhǐ zhuàngtài kāi pǎo de,
他是从静止状态开跑的，
he started from a stationary state,
9.72 miǎo hái bāokuòle jiāsù de shíjiān,
9.72秒还包括了加速的时间，
and 9.72 seconds also includes the acceleration time.
rúguǒ tā pǎo 200 mǐ,
如果他跑200米，
If he ran 200 meters,
nàme, dì èr gè 100 mǐ huì bǐ dì yī gè 100 mǐ kuài,
那么，第二个100米会比第一个100米快，
then the second 100 meters will be faster than the first 100 meters
yīnwèi méiyǒu qǐpǎo de guòchéng.
因为没有起跑的过程。
because there is no starting process.
Shùjù xiāngchà rúcǐ xuánshū, wǒmen dàodǐ xìn shéi?
数据相差如此悬殊，我们到底信谁？
The data are so different, who do we trust?
Fēirén bó ěr tè chuàngzào de qíjī zěnme jiěshì?
飞人博尔特创造的奇迹怎么解释？
How to explain the miracle created by the flying man Bolt?
Wǒmen hái néng míxìn zhuānjiā ma?
我们还能迷信专家吗？
Can we still believe in experts?
Yīshí yúlùn huárán, zhíyí bùduàn,
一时舆论哗然，质疑不断，
There was an uproar in public opinion and constant doubts.
zhuānjiā, xuézhě, wǎngmín fēnfēn zìfā xiānqǐ réntǐ jíxiàn de tǎolùn.
专家、学者、网民纷纷自发掀起人体极限的讨论。
Experts, scholars, and netizens spontaneously started discussions about the limits of the human body.
Yǒurén shuō, kōngdòng de jiélùn méiyǒu shuōfú lì,
有人说，空洞的结论没有说服力，
Some people say that empty conclusions are not convincing.
wǒmen háishì kàn kàn réntǐ jiégòu ba.
我们还是看看人体结构吧。
Let's take a look at the structure of the human body.
Yùndòngyuán xiàng qián pǎo de dònglì dà bùfèn yóu gǔ sì tóu jī tígōng,
运动员向前跑的动力大部分由股四头肌提供，
Most of the athlete’s power to run forward is provided by the quadriceps.
gǔ sì tóu jījiàn yǔ xīgài liánjiē, yùndòngyuán cái kěyǐ jiāsù,
股四头肌腱与膝盖连接，运动员才可以加速，
The quadriceps tendon is connected to the knees so that the athlete can accelerate.
zhè yī jiégòu yě chéngwéile yùndòngyuán jiāsù de zhìyuē yīnsù,
这一结构也成为了运动员加速的制约因素，
This structure has also become a limiting factor for athletes’ acceleration.
yuánlǐ jiùshì,
原理就是，
The principle is that
chāoyuè jíxiàn de sùdù xūyào de lìliàng zúyǐ zàochéng gǔ sì tóu jījiàn hé xīgài jiān de liánjiē diǎn sī liè.
超越极限的速度需要的力量足以造成股四头肌腱和膝盖间的连接点撕裂。
the force required to exceed the speed limit is enough to cause the joint between the quadriceps tendon and the knee to tear.
Réntǐ jiégòu shì quèdìng de,
人体结构是确定的，
The structure of the human body is definite,
réntǐ huódòng dāngrán yěyǒu yīdìng de fànwéi,
人体活动当然也有一定的范围，
and of course, human activity has a certain range,
kēxué jiùshì zhème lěngkù.
科学就是这么冷酷。
science is so cold.
Yěyǒu rén cóng yùndòng yīxué hé xīnlǐ xué jiǎodù chūfā,
也有人从运动医学和心理学角度出发，
Some people start from the perspective of sports medicine and psychology,
qí guāndiǎn yě bù wú dàolǐ.
其观点也不无道理。
and their views are not unreasonable.
Pǎobù kàn qǐlái shì yòng tuǐ,
跑步看起来是用腿，
Running seems to use legs,
qíshí yào dòngyuán quánshēn de lìliàng,
其实要动员全身的力量，
but in fact, it needs to mobilize the power of the whole body,
qiānchě dào gège qìguān.
牵扯到各个器官。
which involves various organs.
Ná xiōngtáng lǐ de xīnzàng lái shuō,
拿胸膛里的心脏来说，
Take the heart in the chest as an example.
tā guǎnxiázhe quánshēn,
它管辖着全身，
It governs the whole body.
rúguǒ tā chūle gùzhàng, tuǐ zài kuài yě bùguǎn yòng.
如果它出了故障，腿再快也不管用。
If it breaks down, the legs won't work fast.
Rén jìnrù yùndòng zhuàngtài hòu,
人进入运动状态后，
After a person enters the state of exercise,
xīnlǜ jiākuài,
心率加快，
the heart rate increases,
yùndòng shí zuìgāo xīnlǜ =(220 yī niánlíng) cì/fēn.
运动时最高心率＝（220一年龄）次／分。
and the highest heart rate during exercise = (220 an age) beats/min.
Yùndòng shí de xīnlǜ yīng zài yīdìng fànwéi nèi,
运动时的心率应在一定范围内，
The heart rate during exercise should be within a certain range,
dī xiàn yībān shì zuìgāo xīnlǜ de 60%,
低限一般是最高心率的60%,
the lower limit is generally 60% of the maximum heart rate,
gāo xiàn yībān shì zuìgāo xīnlǜ de 85%.
高限一般是最高心率的85%.
the upper limit is generally 85% of the maximum heart rate.
Rúyī míng 40 suì de rén,
如一名40岁的人,
For example, for a 40-year-old person,
yùndòng shí de xīnlǜ yīng bǎochí zài měi fēnzhōng 108-150 cì zuǒyòu,
运动时的心率应保持在每分钟108-150次左右,
the heart rate during exercise should be maintained at about 108-150 beats per minute,
yánjìn chāoguò xīnlǜ de jíxiàn zhí,
严禁超过心率的极限值,
and it is strictly forbidden to exceed the limit value of the heart rate,
fǒuzé huì yīn gōngxiě bùzú fāshēng cùsǐ.
否则会因供血不足发生猝死。
otherwise it will cause sudden death due to insufficient blood supply.
Měi gèrén de yùndòng jíxiàn dōu bùtóng,
每个人的运动极限都不同,
Everyone's sports limits are different.
chángqī zhèngguī kēxué de xùnliàn, duō cì jiējìn shízhàn xìng de “yǎnxí”,
长期正规科学的训练,多次接近实战性的“演习”,
Long-term formal and scientific training and many "exercises" that are close to actual combat
kěyǐ ràng zìjǐ yuè lái yuè jiējìn jíxiàn.
可以让自己越来越接近极限。
can bring oneself closer and closer to the limit.
Rén de xīnlǐ yīnsù tánxìng hěn dà,
人的心理因素弹性很大,
Human psychological factors are very flexible,
jījí de jīngshén zhuàngtài kěyǐ jīfā shēntǐ qiánnéng,
积极的精神状态可以激发身体潜能,
and a positive mental state can stimulate physical potential,
cóng'ér ràng yùndòngyuán zài jìngsài zhōngchāo shuǐpíng fāhuī.
从而让运动员在竞赛中超水平发挥。
so that athletes can perform at a super level in the competition.
Tǐnéng zhǐyǒu 60% shì yǔ shēng jù lái de,
体能只有60%是与生俱来的,
Only 60% of physical fitness is innate,
qíyú 40% yào tōngguò xùnliàn děng wàijiè yǐngxiǎng qù fājué.
其余40%要通过训练等外界影响去发掘。
and the remaining 40% must be discovered through training and other external influences.
Gù'ér, tǐnéng, xīnlǐ sùzhì hǎo de yùndòngyuán,
故而,体能、心理素质好的运动员,
Therefore, athletes with good physical and psychological qualities
huì chéngwéi yōuxiān xuǎnbá de duìxiàng.
会成为优先选拔的对象。
will become the priority selection targets.
Niánqīng yùndòngyuán shēntǐ zīchǎn fēnghòu,
年轻运动员身体资产丰厚,
Young athletes are rich in physical assets,
détiāndúhòu de yōushì jiùshì tāmen de niánlíng;
得天独厚的优势就是他们的年龄;
and their unique advantage is their age;
lǎo yùndòngyuán zuòfēng guòyìng, wánqiáng, yǒu zhìqì, bù qūfú,
老运动员作风过硬,顽强,有志气,不屈服,
old athletes are strong, tenacious, ambitious, and unyielding.
zhèxiē shǐ bu shǎo jiàoliàn yuán duì dǎpò shìjiè jìlù yīrán chōngmǎn xìnxīn.
这些使不少教练员对打破世界纪录依然充满信心。
These make many coaches still full of confidence in breaking the world record.
Tǐyù jiè yǒu zhǒng shuōfǎ:
体育界有种说法:
There is a saying in the sports world:
“Yùndòngyuán xuǎn duìle, jiù chénggōngle yībàn;
“运动员选对了,就成功了一半;
"If an athlete chooses the right one, he will succeed in half;
tōngguò xùnliàn ràng yùndòngyuán de chāo nénglì fāhuī chūlái,
通过训练让运动员的超能力发挥出来,
if the athlete's superpowers are brought into play through training,
nà jiùshì bǎifēnzhībǎi de chénggōng.”
那就是百分之百的成功。”
that is 100% success."
Yōuxiù de xuǎnshǒu hé kēxué xùnliàn xiāngfǔxiāngchéng,
优秀的选手和科学训练相辅相成,
Excellent players and scientific training complement each other,
shì tōng wǎng chénggōng de yǒuxiào shǒuduàn.
是通往成功的有效手段。
It is an effective means to success.
Rújīn, jiàoliàn yuán yītuō diànnǎo,
如今,教练员依托电脑、
Nowadays, coaches rely on advanced equipment such as computers,
chāo gāosù shèyǐngjī děng xiānjìn zhuāngbèi yǐjí jìshù fēnxī děng shǒuduàn lái zhǐdǎo xùnliàn,
超高速摄影机等先进装备以及技术分析等手段来指导训练,
ultra-high-speed cameras, and technical analysis to guide training,
yòng xīnyǐng de zhànshù sīxiǎng zhǐdǎo bǐsài.
用新颖的战术思想指导比赛。
and use novel tactics to guide the game.
Shéi néng wánqiáng de yuèguò réntǐ jíxiàn zhè dào “xuányá qiàobì”,
谁能顽强地越过人体极限这道“悬崖峭壁”,
Who can stubbornly cross the "precipice" of the limit of the human body
zhǎodào tǐnéng de “túpòkǒu”,
找到体能的“突破口”,
and find a "breakthrough" in physical fitness,
shéi jiù néng chéngwéi wú jiào jìngzhēng zhě zhōng yǒngxiàn chūlái de míngxīng,
谁就能成为无教竞争者中涌现出来的明星,
who can become the star that emerges from the competition without education,
zhè yěshì yīgè gōngrèn de shìshí.
这也是一个公认的事实。
this is also a recognized fact.
Gǎibiān zì “kēxué huàbào” tóngmíng wénzhāng, zuòzhě: Wánglìngcháo
改编自《科学画报》同名文章，作者：王令朝
Adapted from the article of the same name in "Science Pictorial", author: Wang Lingchao
Full Translation
Will superhuman powers change the world records?
We have always thought that world records are to be constantly broken, but the results of various competitions announced by the IAAF tell us that most world records were created in the 1990s. In addition, some people quoted the "Daily Telegraph" as saying: as of 2060, mankind may not create new sports records. How strong is a person's physical fitness?
While striving to break the world record, people can't help but have questions about their bodies. For example, how many seconds is the fastest for a 100-meter dash This is not a simple question of who wins the championship, who wins the runner-up, and who wins the third runner-up. It is a question of the limits of human physical fitness.
Some experts believe that the limit for a human being to run 100 meters should be 10.42 seconds. Considering that a full speed can only be achieved by generally running to 80 meters, the fastest possible speed for humans is about 11.96 seconds, the wayward Jamaican track and field athlete Bolt simply did not put the world record in his eyes!
On June 1, 2008, at the Reebok Grand Prix in New York, USA, he won the 100-meter sprint championship with a time of 9.72 seconds, breaking the world record of 9.74 seconds held by compatriot Powell; In the live TV broadcast of the 100-meter final of the Beijing Olympic Games on August 16, 2008, the shaking flags merged into a boiling ocean. He set the world record again with a time of 9.69 seconds, 0.2 seconds ahead of the runner-up.
After being excited, people can't help asking again-Is there any limit to human movement? Some investigators broke down Bolt’s 9.72 seconds of the race action, and used the formula to make precise calculations. The conclusion is: he started from a stationary state, and 9.72 seconds also includes the acceleration time. If he ran 200 meters, then the second 100 meters will be faster than the first 100 meters because there is no starting process.
The data are so different, who do we trust? How to explain the miracle created by the flying man Bolt? Can we still believe in experts? There was an uproar in public opinion and constant doubts. Experts, scholars, and netizens spontaneously started discussions about the limits of the human body. Some people say that empty conclusions are not convincing. Let's take a look at the structure of the human body.
Most of the athlete’s power to run forward is provided by the quadriceps. The quadriceps tendon is connected to the knees so that the athlete can accelerate. This structure has also become a limiting factor for athletes’ acceleration. The principle is that the force required to exceed the speed limit is enough to cause the joint between the quadriceps tendon and the knee to tear.
The structure of the human body is definite,
and of course, human activity has a certain range, science is so cold. Some people start from the perspective of sports medicine and psychology, and their views are not unreasonable. Running seems to use legs, but in fact, it needs to mobilize the power of the whole body, which involves various organs.
Take the heart in the chest as an example.
It governs the whole body. If it breaks down, the legs won't work fast. After a person enters the state of exercise, the heart rate increases, and the highest heart rate during exercise = (220 an age) beats/min. The heart rate during exercise should be within a certain range, the lower limit is generally 60% of the maximum heart rate, the upper limit is generally 85% of the maximum heart rate.
For example, for a 40-year-old person, the heart rate during exercise should be maintained at about 108-150 beats per minute, and it is strictly forbidden to exceed the limit value of the heart rate, otherwise it will cause sudden death due to insufficient blood supply. Everyone's sports limits are different.
Long-term formal and scientific training and many "exercises" that are close to actual combat can bring oneself closer and closer to the limit, and a positive mental state can stimulate physical potential, so that athletes can perform at a super level in the competition. Only 60% of physical fitness is innate, and the remaining 40% must be discovered through training and other external influences.
Therefore, athletes with good physical and psychological qualities will become the priority selection targets. Young athletes are rich in physical assets, and their unique advantage is their age; old athletes are strong, tenacious, ambitious, and unyielding. These make many coaches still full of confidence in breaking the world record. There is a saying in the sports world: "If an athlete chooses the right one, he will succeed in half; if the athlete's superpowers are brought into play through training, that is 100% success." Excellent players and scientific training complement each other, It is an effective means to success.
Nowadays, coaches rely on advanced equipment such as computers, ultra-high-speed cameras, and technical analysis to guide training, and use novel tactics to guide the game. Who can stubbornly cross the "precipice" of the limit of the human body and find a "breakthrough" in physical fitness, who can become the star that emerges from the competition without education, this is also a recognized fact.
Adapted from the article of the same name in "Science Pictorial", author: Wang Lingchao
HSK 6 playlist: all hsk 6 lessons
HSK 6 workbook audios download
No comments:
Post a Comment