Lesson 19 无阳光的深海世界
The deep sea without sunshine
Wú yángguāng de shēnhǎi shìjiè
无阳光的深海世界
The deep sea without sunshine
Wú yángguāng de shēnhǎi shìjiè
无阳光的深海世界
The deep sea without sunshine
Súhuà shuō wànwù shēngzhǎng kào tàiyáng.
俗话说万物生长靠太阳。
As the saying goes, all things grow by the sun.
Rénmen zhī suǒyǐ zhèyàng shuō, shì yīnwèi lìlái zhíwù shēngzhǎng lì bù kāi yángguāng,
人们之所以这样说，是因为历来植物生长离不开阳光，
The reason why people say this is because the growth of plants has always been inseparable from sunlight,
ér dòngwù yòu kào zhíwù wéichí shēngmìng,
而动物又靠植物维持生命，
and animals rely on plants to maintain their lives.
suǒyǐ méiyǒu yángguāng, jiù méiyǒu wànwù,
所以没有阳光，就没有万物，
So without sunlight, there is nothing,
zhè shì zhòngsuǒzhōuzhī de zhēnlǐ.
这是众所周知的真理。
This is a well-known truth.
Rán'ér kēxuéjiāmen de shēnhǎi kǎochá, què xiàng rénlèi zǎoyǐ rèndìng wéi zhǔnzé de dìngyì tíchūle zhíyí.
然而科学家们的深海考察，却向人类早已认定为准则的定义提出了质疑。
However, scientists’ deep-sea surveys have questioned the definition that mankind has long recognized as a criterion.
Qiánshuǐ dào jǐ qiān mǐ shēn hǎidǐ de kēxuéjiā fāxiànle yīgè fánzhí shēngmìng de chǎngsuǒ,
潜水到几千米深海底的科学家发现了一个繁殖生命的场所，
Scientists who dived to a depth of several kilometers found a place where life reproduced,
nàlǐ de shēngwù zhǎngxiàng gǔguài,
那里的生物长相古怪，
where the creatures looked strange,
há, bàng, xiè, bèiké, hóng guān rúchóng děng děng, shénme dōu yǒu.
蛤、蚌、蟹、贝壳、红冠蠕虫等等，什么都有。
such as clams, mussels, crabs, shells, red-crowned worms, and so on.
Kēxuéjiā shēn gǎn chàyì:
科学家深感诧异：
Scientists are deeply surprised:
Zài méiyǒu yángguāng, méiyǒu shíwù, yālì yòu hěn dà de hǎidǐ, zěnme huì yǒu zhème duō shēngwù?
在没有阳光，没有食物，压力又很大的海底，怎么会有这么多生物？
How can there be so many living things on the bottom of the sea where there is no sunlight, no food, and great pressure?
Tāmen kào shénme shēngcún ne?
它们靠什么生存呢？
How do they survive?
Huí dào dìmiàn hòu,
回到地面后，
After returning to the ground,
kēxuéjiā qǔchū cóng shēnhǎi dài huí de yàngpǐn,
科学家取出从深海带回的样品，
the scientists took out the samples brought back from the deep ocean,
yī gǔ dài yǒu cì bí chòu dàn qìwèi de liúhuà qīng qìtǐ lìjí chōngle chūlái,
一股带有刺鼻臭蛋气味的硫化氢气体立即冲了出来，
and a pungent rotten egg odor of hydrogen sulfide gas immediately rushed out.
kēxuéjiā huǎngrándàwù,
科学家恍然大悟，
The scientists suddenly realized that
Jìn'ér tíchūle zhèyàng de jiǎshuō-dāng hǎishuǐ cóng dìqiào fēnliè ér chéng de lièfèng shèntòu dào dìxià shí,
进而提出了这样的假说－当海水从地壳分裂而成的裂缝渗透到地下时，
and then put forward the hypothesis-when seawater penetrates into the ground from the cracks formed by the splitting of the earth's crust,
Zài gāowēn hé gāoyā de zuòyòng xià,
在高温和高压的作用下，
under the action of high temperature and high pressure,
Shuǐ lǐ suǒ hán de liúsuān yán zhuǎnhuà chéngle liúhuà qīng,
水里所含的硫酸盐转化成了硫化氢，
the sulfate contained in the water is converted into hydrogen sulfide,
Mǒu xiē xìjùn jiè liúhuà qīng dàixiè biànhuà,
某些细菌借硫化氢代谢变化，
some bacteria use hydrogen sulfide metabolism to change,
Xīshōu wēnquán de rè liáng déyǐ fánzhí.
吸收温泉的热量得以繁殖。
and absorb the heat of the hot spring to reproduce.
Yīxiē xiǎo dòngwù kào guòlǜ xìjùn wéichí shēngmìng,
一些小动物靠过滤细菌维持生命，
Some small animals rely on filtering bacteria to maintain their lives,
ér xiǎo dòngwù yòu chéngle dà dòngwù de shíwù láiyuán,
而小动物又成了大动物的食物来源，
and small animals have become a food source for large animals.
zhèyàng, jiù gòuchéngle yīgè xīn de “shíwùliàn”.
这样，就构成了一个新的 “食物链”。
In this way, a new "food chain" is formed.
Tāmen kào láizì dìqiú nèibù de rènéng wéichí shēngmìng,
它们靠来自地球内部的热能维持生命，
They rely on heat from the inside of the earth to sustain their lives.
zhè zhǒng chéngxù jiào “huàxué héchéng”,
这种程序叫 “化学合成”，
This process is called "chemical synthesis"
shì shēngwù kēxué shǐshàng de dì yī cì fāxiàn.
是生物科学史上的第一次发现。
and is the first discovery in the history of biological sciences.
Tā gàosù rénlèi,
它告诉人类，
It tells human beings that
zài méiyǒu yángguāng de tiáojiàn xià, yě kěnéng yǒu shēngmìng;
在没有阳光的条件下，也可能有生命；
there may be life without sunlight;
tā qǐfā rénmen, yào jiěfàng sīxiǎng,
它启发人们，要解放思想，
it inspires people to free their minds from old ideas,
mài xiàng dìqiú yǐwài,
迈向地球以外，
step outside the earth,
tànsuǒ shēngmìng cúnzài de xīn lù.
探索生命存在的新路。
and explore new ways for life to exist.
Jùxī,
据悉，
It is reported that
zhè zhǒng xìjùn rěnshòu gāowēn de běnlǐng yuǎn yuǎn chāoyuèle wǒmen de xiǎngxiàng,
这种细菌忍受高温的本领远远超越了我们的想象，
the ability of this kind of bacteria to withstand high temperatures far exceeds our imagination.
tāmen néng zài 250 shèshìdù (250℃) de huánjìng xià shēngcún.
它们能在250摄氏度（250℃)的环境下生存。
They can survive in an environment of 250 degrees Celsius (250 degrees Celsius).
Yībān qíngkuàng xià,
一般情况下，
Under normal circumstances,
gāo yú 40℃, dà bùfèn zhíwù hé dòngwù jiù wúfǎ chénghuó;
高于40℃, 大部分植物和动物就无法成活；
if the temperature is higher than 40°C, most plants and animals cannot survive;
gāo yú 65℃, duōshù xìjùn huì sàngshī shēngmìng,
高于65℃,多数细菌会丧失生命，
if the temperature is higher than 65°C, most bacteria will lose their lives.
kěshì, wèishéme piānpiān zhè zhǒng xìjùn nénggòu cúnhuó xiàlái?
可是，为什么偏偏这种细菌能够存活下来？
However, why does this kind of bacteria survive?
Qízhōng de àomì dàodǐ shì shénme ne?
其中的奥秘到底是什么呢？
What is the mystery in it?
Yǒurén pòbùjídài de xiǎng tànjiù qí zhēnxiàng,
有人迫不及待地想探究其真相，
Some people can't wait to find out the truth,
yǒurén quèshuō, yǔqí bǎ jīnglì yòng lái tànsuǒ nài gāowēn xìjùn shēngmìng cúnzài de mìmì,
有人却说，与其把精力用来探索耐高温细菌生命存在的秘密，
but some people say that instead of using their energy to explore the secrets of the existence of thermostable bacterial life,
bùrú qù tànsuǒ gāowēn hé gāoyā xià de jīnxīng huò qítā xīngqiú shàng, shìfǒu yěyǒu shēngwù cúnzài.
不如去探索高温和高压下的金星或其他星球上，是否也有生物存在。
it is better to explore whether there are living things on Venus or other planets under high temperature and pressure.
Bùguǎn rénlèi zěnme xiǎng,
不管人类怎么想，
No matter what humans think,
zhèxiē shēnhǎi shēngwù yīrán bǎochízhe tāmen qiángdà ér huálì de zhènróng,
这些深海生物依然保持着它们强大而华丽的阵容，
these deep-sea creatures still maintain their powerful and gorgeous lineup,
yǒutiáobùwěn deguòzhe zìjǐ de rìzi,
有条不紊地过着自己的日子，
living their lives methodically,
zhǎnxiànzhe tāmen dútè de jīngcǎi:
展现着他们独特的精彩：
showing their unique splendor:
Yī cóng cóng hóng guān rúchóng,
一丛丛红冠蠕虫，
clusters of red-crowned worms,
bǎ báisè wàitào guǎn gùdìng zài yánshí shàng, bǎohùzhe zìjǐ róuruǎn de shēntǐ.
把白色外套管固定在岩石上，保护着自己柔软的身体。
fixing the white coat tube on the rock to protect his soft body.
Tāmen méiyǒu zuǐ, méiyǒu yǎn,
它们没有嘴，没有眼，
They have no mouth, no eyes,
shènzhì xiāohuà xìtǒng yě bù cúnzài,
甚至消化系统也不存在，
and even the digestive system does not exist.
jǐn kào shēn chū tào guǎn dǐngduān de shēntǐ guòlǜ hǎishuǐ zhōng de shíwù,
仅靠伸出套管顶端的身体过滤海水中的食物，
They only rely on the body protruding from the top of the sleeve to filter the food in the seawater.
tāmen shì zěnme fánzhí hòudài de ne?
它们是怎么繁殖后代的呢？
How do they reproduce?
Tǐjī pángdà de jù há,
体积庞大的巨蛤，
The huge giant clams,
zàoxíng qítè de bái bàng,
造型奇特的白蚌，
the peculiarly shaped white clams,
tāmen de shēnglǐ jiégòu, shíwù jīchǔ,
它们的生理结构，食物基础，
their physiological structure, food basis,
shènzhì tāmen de ménlèi guīshǔ, dōu shǐ rén míhuò bù jiě.
甚至它们的门类归属，都使人迷惑不解。
and even their category ownership are all confusing.
Zhè piàn shénmì ér guǎngkuò de shēnhǎi shìjiè néng wéi wǒmen tígōng xīn de shíwù zīyuán,
这片神秘而广阔的深海世界能为我们提供新的食物资源，
Can this mysterious and vast deep-sea world provide us with new food resources
chéngwéi qímiào de kēxué yánjiū jīdì ma?
成为奇妙的科学研究基地吗？
and become a wonderful scientific research base?
Gǎibiān zì “shénqí dòng zhíwù zhī mí” wénzhāng “wú yángguāng shìjiè de shēnhǎi shēngmìng”
改编自《神奇动植物之谜》文章《无阳光世界
的深海生命》
Adapted from the "Mystery of Mysteries of Fauna and Flora" article "A World Without Sunshine" The Deep Sea Life
Full Translation:
The deep sea without sunshine
As the saying goes, all things grow by the sun. The reason why people say this is because the growth of plants has always been inseparable from sunlight, and animals rely on plants to maintain their lives. So without sunlight, there is nothing, this is a well-known truth.
However, scientists’ deep-sea surveys have questioned the definition that mankind has long recognized as a criterion. Scientists who dived to a depth of several kilometers found a place where life reproduced, where the creatures looked strange, such as clams, mussels, crabs, shells, red-crowned worms, and so on.
Scientists are deeply surprised: how can there be so many living things on the bottom of the sea where there is no sunlight, no food, and great pressure? How do they survive? After returning to the ground, the scientists took out the samples brought back from the deep ocean, and a pungent rotten egg odor of hydrogen sulfide gas immediately rushed out.
The scientists suddenly realized that
and then put forward the hypothesis-when seawater penetrates into the ground from the cracks formed by the splitting of the earth's crust, under the action of high temperature and high pressure, the sulfate contained in the water is converted into hydrogen sulfide, some bacteria use hydrogen sulfide metabolism to change, and absorb the heat of the hot spring to reproduce.
Some small animals rely on filtering bacteria to maintain their lives, and small animals have become a food source for large animals. In this way, a new "food chain" is formed. They rely on heat from the inside of the earth to sustain their lives. This process is called "chemical synthesis"
and is the first discovery in the history of biological sciences.
It tells human beings that there may be life without sunlight; it inspires people to free their minds from old ideas, step outside the earth, and explore new ways for life to exist. It is reported that the ability of this kind of bacteria to withstand high temperatures far exceeds our imagination.
They can survive in an environment of 250 degrees Celsius (250 degrees Celsius). Under normal circumstances, if the temperature is higher than 40°C, most plants and animals cannot survive; if the temperature is higher than 65°C, most bacteria will lose their lives. However, why does this kind of bacteria survive? What is the mystery in it?
Some people can't wait to find out the truth, but some people say that instead of using their energy to explore the secrets of the existence of thermostable bacterial life, it is better to explore whether there are living things on Venus or other planets under high temperature and pressure.
No matter what humans think, these deep-sea creatures still maintain their powerful and gorgeous lineup, living their lives methodically, showing their unique splendor: clusters of red-crowned worms, fixing the white coat tube on the rock to protect his soft body. They have no mouth, no eyes, and even the digestive system does not exist. They only rely on the body protruding from the top of the sleeve to filter the food in the seawater.
How do they reproduce? The huge giant clams, the peculiarly shaped white clams, their physiological structure, food basis, and even their category ownership are all confusing. Can this mysterious and vast deep-sea world provide us with new food resources
and become a wonderful scientific research base?
hsk 6 上 lesson 19 audio with pinyin and English translation 👇
#hsk6 #hsk6上 #hsk6StandardCourseTextbook #hsk6TextBook #hsk6Lesson19
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